IT Masters Program

Lesson 3: Review of Image Purpose Instructional Use The use of graphics in instruction continues to be researched with interesting results There are three types of Instructional Graphics, each with separate functions: Representational Graphics Analogical Graphics Arbitrary Graphics Representational Graphics are images that share a relationship with the text they are supposed to represent. For example, a text passage about crabs would have a picture of a crab. Photographs and richly colored and detailed drawings are often used as representational graphics. An abstract representational image would be a line drawing. sometimes simple line drawings are better learning aids than more realistic, stimulating visuals, as they do not distract from the message. Representational graphics are the most commonly used type of illustration in instruction. Analogical Graphics are used when the audience has no prior knowledge of the concept being taught. it is critical that the similarity that is implied in the graphic is clear. the audience must understand the analogy. for example, comparing the wings of a bird to the wings of a plane offers many clear similarities. The usefulness of the analogy depends on the audience’s prior knowledge, so know your audience. Political cartoons often use analogies to make their point. Arbitrary Graphics are visuals that offer clues but do not share any physical resemblances to the concept being explained. Examples of arbitrary graphics are the use of spatial orientations of text, bar charts and line graphs. For example, a calendar of class events and deadlines for projects would be an arbitrary graphic. In summary the most important rule to follow when choosing a graphic to place in your presentation is that you know its purpose and the graphic supports the message or concept you are delivering. References Rieber, Lloyd. (1993) Computers, Graphics, & Learning.Madison:Brown & Benchmark. Back to Lesson 3.